Chapter 03 Preconsul- Dryopithecus-Shivapithecus (Ramapithecus) Evolution Tree= Hominoidea (common Grandmother of Human and Ape) Period of Existence= 22 MYA to 7 MYA Myocene Epoch(23 – 5MYA) Features: >Quadrupedal >Lived mostly on Tree- à Myocene @ Arid----Grasland ↑ > Branching of evolution: >>Ape family= Those who decided to live on trees...adopted as per new arid environment . >>Homonid= Those who adopted to new climate. ▼Proconsul – Dryopithecus –Sivapithecus are Fossil Ape == Dryopithecus or Dyropiths. Distribution: Africa: >Proconsul + Afropithecus= Lake Rusinga, Kenya. >Kenyapithecus + Dendropithecus =Kenya. >Otavipithecus =S. Africa...
Indian Culture: Little Tradition and Great Tradition Article shared by : The whole of Indian culture can be studied with the help of these two concepts ‘Little tradition’ and “Great tradition”. These two concepts are based on the idea that the civilization and social organisation have a tradition. Schematic Presentation of Constituents of Tradition: (i) Through orthogenetic evolution. ADVERTISEMENTS: (ii) Through hetereogenetic contacts. Orthogenetic evolution indicates changes in those areas where internal or indigenous factors are responsible for such changes. On the other hand hetereogenetic contacts indicate those changes which occur due to external contact or interference of outside civilization. There are two levels where the social structure of these civilizations operate, i.e., at the level of folks or peasants and at the level of elites or ‘reflective few’. The folks or the peasants are included under little tradition and Great tradition includes the elite gr...
Table of Contents Caste and development: Contemporary perspectives on a structure of discrimination and advantage . 1 Highlights . 1 Abstract . 2 Keywords . 2 1. Introduction . 3 2. Caste in Indian social policy . 4 2.1. (a) Caste as a residual issue of religion and culture . 4 2.2. (b) Caste as politics . 6 3. Village ethnography: Caste hierarchy and status mobility . 9 4. Rural development: Caste and economic inequality . 13 5. Caste in the urban labour market . 16 6. Caste in the business economy . 21 7. Caste in the post-liberalization economy . 24 8. Affirmative action . 26 9. The modernity of caste: Rank, network, identity . 29 10. Conclusion . 33 11. Conflict of interest . 34 Caste and development: Contemporary perspectives on a structure of discrimination and advantage Author links open overlay panel DavidMosse Show...
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